Sze-Fung Lee

Sze-Fung Lee is an independent researcher specializing in Chinese hybrid warfare, including Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI), Grand Strategy, Nuclear Proliferation, Gray Zone Tactics, and Cognitive Warfare. Zir research also focuses on Indo-Pacific security policy, challenges posed by emerging technologies, and the politics of Hong Kong.

Find ze on X (formerly Twitter) @imleeszefung.

All articles

Clear Filters

Consular Pop-Ups in Canada Advance Local United Front Work

12.02.2025 Sze-Fung Lee

Executive Summary: Since 2015, the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in Canada, along with PRC consulates in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary,...

Publication China Brief Canada

Taiwan Bounty: PRC Cross-Agency Operations Target Taiwanese Military Personnel

07.25.2025 Sze-Fung Lee

Executive Summary: For the first time, public security authorities in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) are targeting Taiwanese military personnel and so-called “Taiwan independence”...

Publication China Brief China

Part II: Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics: PRC Consulate Gray Zone ‘Pop-up’ Events in New York

06.07.2025 Sze-Fung Lee

Executive Summary: “Pop-up” events by People’s Republic of China (PRC) consular officials across the United States are accompanied by online propaganda campaigns on social media,...

Publication China Brief China

Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics: PRC Consulate Gray Zone ‘Pop-up’ Events in New York and Beyond

06.07.2025 Sze-Fung Lee

Executive Summary The Consulates General of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in New York, San Francisco, and Chicago have been conducting gray zone “pop-up”...

Publication China Brief China