Executive Summary: Tumbo Pacho, better known as "Camilo," a hitman and mid-level commander in the FARC’s Dagoberto Ramos dissident faction, was found murdered in southwestern Colombia, likely a revenge killing linked to rivalries among FARC breakaway groups. Camilo’s death underscores the persistent, violent competition among... MORE

Executive Summary: In February 2024, negotiations between Thailand and Anas Abdulrahman, a leader of the ethnic Malay Muslim militant group Barisan Revolusi Nasional (BRN), raised hopes that the region’s ongoing insurgency could be brought to an end. Since then, Abdulrahman has shown little ability to... MORE

Executive Summary: Umar Mansoor Haqqani, a veteran Pakistani Taliban commander affiliated with the Ghazwatul Hind (TTG) and Jabhat Ansar al-Mahdi Khorasan (JAMK) factions, was killed by Pakistani forces on September 8 after orchestrating major suicide operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. His career exemplifies that of a... MORE

Executive Summary: Simon Ekpa, a Finnish–Nigerian politician and media activist, rose to prominence as a self-proclaimed successor to Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) leader Nnamdi Kanu after Kanu’s 2021 arrest, directing separatist agitation and violence in southeastern Nigeria from his base in Finland. Through online... MORE

Executive Summary: The death of 21-year-old Bangladeshi national Faisal Hossain in a September operation in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa underscores the growing participation of Bangladeshis in Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) networks. Hossain’s recruitment, disguised as overseas employment, reflects an emerging transnational pipeline linking Bangladeshi jihadists to militant groups... MORE

Executive Summary: Abdul-Malik al-Houthi has sustained and expanded the Houthis into one of Iran’s most durable proxies, using drone and maritime disruption (including in the Red Sea) to project regional influence despite Israeli and U.S. counterstrikes. His rhetoric and operations align with Iran’s broader “axis... MORE