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Chinese PSCs: Achievements, Prospects, and Future Endeavors
Russia Impedes Kazakhstan’s Efforts to Increase Oil Exports to Germany
Executive Summary: Berlin and Astana have been working to increase oil exports from Kazakhstan since the end of 2022 after Western sanctions forced Germany to explore alternatives to Russian energy sources. Increasing Kazakh oil exports... MORE
Latin America’s Varying Responses to Putin’s War Against Ukraine
Executive Summary: The United States is looking to Latin America to send Soviet-era and Russian weapons to Ukraine in exchange for modern American-made analogs. Many Latin American countries are hesitant to agree to this request... MORE
Moscow Expands Military Influence in Africa
Executive Summary: Russia’s advances in Africa are moving to a new political-strategic level by establishing further military and economic ties across the continent. Moscow has long worked to gain influence across the Sahel and is... MORE
The National People’s Congress Exposes Xi Jinping’s Problems
Executive Summary: Li Qiang’s government work report offered no significant incentives to help the nation’s three sectors most in need of government support. Economic targets were practically identical to those for 2023 but will be... MORE
PRC Pursues Chip Design Software Dominance
Executive Summary: US-China technology competition is no longer confined to only leading-edge semiconductors but is now moving to also include older so-called mature-node or legacy chips. Central and local level Chinese industrial and innovation policies... MORE
‘From Chancay to Shanghai’: Peru’s Strategic Role in PRC Maritime Strategy
Executive Summary: Majority ownership by state-owned Cosco Shipping, and involvement of companies like ZPMC which is closely linked to China's Military-Civil Fusion strategy, raises concerns about the dual-use nature of infrastructure projects and potential military... MORE
National Defense Mobilization: Toward A Clear Division of Labor between the PLA and Civilian Bureaucracies
Executive Summary: As the result of the ongoing military reform, the military’s guiding and leadership role over civilian bureaucracies seems to be strengthened. Meanwhile, the responsibilities of the State Council and local governments on NDM... MORE
New Quality Combat Forces: More Than Meets The Eye
Executive Summary: Conceptual framings from the military may be influencing how the CCP approaches its management of the economy. The phrase “New Quality Combat Forces” predates the phrase “New Quality Productive Forces” by several years.... MORE
Russia Exhausts Soviet-Era Arms Storage Bases
Executive Summary: Russia has proposed a pause of the fighting in Ukraine in exchange for strategic arms and space negotiations with the West. The Russian armed forces have been taking Soviet-era arms out of storage... MORE