Antonio Graceffo

Antonio Graceffo, PhD is an economic researcher and China analyst based out of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

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Articles by Antonio Graceffo

China’s Economy: More Debt than Meets the Eye

Introduction Since the beginning of this year, investment banks and international financial organizations, including the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, have steadily downgraded their forecasts for the People’s

Mongolia’s Currency Crisis: Made in China?

Introduction When COVID-19 lockdowns closed the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) borders in 2020, imports entering Mongolia came to a grinding halt, leading to domestic inflation and product shortages. Exports

Mongolia’s Economic Recovery from COVID-19 Dependent on China

Introduction Mongolia responded quickly to the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in China this past January. The country issued its first public health warning about the new virus and asked citizens

Mongolia and the Belt and Road Initiative: The Prospects for the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor

Introduction Mongolia is a landlocked country with a population of roughly 3.3 million people, bordering on only two nations, China and Russia. The country’s primary exports are largely minerals and