Executive Summary: On October 6, privately-owned Russian oil company RussNeft delivered 105,340 tons of Siberian Light crude to Georgia’s newly built, partially state-financed Kulevi refinery, its first full-cycle refinery capable of producing Euro-5 gasoline and diesel. Independent sources classify the vessel that delivered the oil... MORE

Executive Summary: On October 14, the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) upheld Tbilisi’s claim in the case Georgia v. Russia (IV) and ordered Russia to pay 253 million euros ($295 million) as compensation to Georgian citizens who were affected by the “borderization” process following... MORE

Executive Summary: Georgian Dream won all 64 municipalities in the October 4 local elections amid boycotts from two leading opposition parties, record-low turnout, and limited election monitoring, further consolidating its control in the last constitutionally mandated election until 2028. On October 20, the opposition party... MORE

Executive Summary: Türkiye is advancing the $1.615 billion Eastern Türkiye Railway Infrastructure Development Project (ETMIC), which will modernize the Divrigi–Kars–Georgia line with electrification, signaling, and advanced traffic management to boost freight and regional growth. Ankara is also planning the Samsun–Trabzon–Sarpi high-speed line linking central Türkiye... MORE

In memory of Janusz Bugajski, friend, colleague, and promoter of Promethean Ideas Executive Summary: Moscow is increasingly alarmed by the spread of Prometheanism, a set of ideas developed in pre-war Poland that posits that the Muscovite state is an empire, joint efforts can best achieve... MORE

Executive Summary: Georgia’s ruling Georgian Dream party has expanded its efforts to criminalize dissent and punish the opposition by criminalizing protests and creating a blacklist of individuals barred from political office. To maintain a quasi-democratic façade, Georgian Dream managed to persuade one of the so-called... MORE

Executive Summary: Georgian officials and PRC diplomats present the PRC–Georgian strategic partnership as a path to Georgia’s prosperity, but reality shows minimal PRC investment in Georgia, trade imbalances that benefit Beijing, and PRC companies winning lucrative state contracts in Georgia. Beijing consistently abstains or opposes... MORE

Executive Summary: Western diplomats are coming under unprecedented pressure from the Georgian Dream government, with Georgian Prime Minister Irakli Kohakhidze accusing EU Ambassador to Georgia Pawel Herczynski of backing an attempt to overthrow the constitutional order. The European Union has categorically rejected and condemned disinformation... MORE

Executive Summary: The missions of 25 member states of the European Union, along with the United Kingdom, issued a joint statement on September 24, strongly condemning the Georgian government’s “baseless and damaging” statements criticizing their diplomatic missions in Georgia. The vast majority of European states... MORE

Executive Summary: The ruling Georgian Dream party won an overwhelming victory in Georgia’s October 4 municipal elections, capturing all 64 mayoral seats amid an opposition boycott, low voter turnout, and minimal international monitoring presence. Critics allege the elections were manipulated to fabricate a competitive image... MORE