Latest Articles about Transit
![](/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/South-Pars-gas-field-640x427.jpg)
Capacities and Dimensions of Russian Investment in Iranian Oil and Gas Fields
On July 19, 2022, the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Russian gas company Gazprom worth close to $40 billion. The deal was signed by the CEOs of both companies during a virtual ceremony on the same day that... MORE
![](/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/img_370_477.jpeg-640x427.webp)
Can Kazakhstan Rescue Europe Amid the Russian Oil Embargo?
On December 29, 2022, Kazakhstani state-owned oil and gas company KazMunaiGaz announced plans to export oil to Germany starting in January 2023. Arrangements were made to export a total of 1.2 million tons of oil through the Druzhba pipeline via Russia and Ukraine (Informburo.kz, December 29,... MORE
![](/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/63a2f98885f5407fea3e0302.jpg)
Russia Now Forced to Look East of Caucasus to Reach Iran
Russian officials and international media have given prominent coverage to Moscow’s plans for a transcontinental trade corridor southward to Iran via the Caucasus. These efforts aim to end-run Western sanctions and expand Russian trade in the Indian Ocean basin and beyond. But Russian experts concede... MORE
![](/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/HSR_Jakarta-640x480.jpeg)
The Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway and the Future of the Belt and Road Initiative
Introduction On the sidelines of the G20 Summit in Bali, Indonesia, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Indonesian President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo watched over a video livestream as the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway (HSR) sped through its first trial run between Tegalluar Station and Casting Yard No.... MORE
![](/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Tokayev-and-Putin-nov-28-640x385.jpg)
Despite Moscow Meeting, Kazakhstan Pursues More Independent Course
After his re-election, Kazakhstani President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev made his first foreign visit to Moscow on November 28, an action that, up to now, most observers would have seen as a clear expression of loyalty or even subservience to Russia by the head of a post-Soviet... MORE
![](/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Aliyev-and-Garibashvili-640x324.jpg)
Azerbaijan and Georgia Initiate New ‘Great Game’ With Europe
On October 24, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev arrived in Georgia for a one-day working visit. The abrupt nature of Aliyev’s visit was characterized as “strange” and “mysterious” by many experts in Tbilisi (Civil.ge; Netgazeti.ge, October 24). Indeed, the brevity of the visit and its format... MORE
![](/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Russian-pipelines-640x360.jpg)
Russia in Search of New Gas Markets
Since the start of the Russian all-out assault on Ukraine on February 24, Gazprom’s natural gas supplies to Europe have been cut by approximately 80 percent (Bruegel.org, November 22). Such a drastic reduction is primarily due to Moscow’s own decisions aimed at stoking political and... MORE
![](/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/bank_gz_cdly-640x426.jpeg)
China’s Economy: More Debt than Meets the Eye
Introduction Since the beginning of this year, investment banks and international financial organizations, including the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, have steadily downgraded their forecasts for the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) GDP growth in 2022 to around 3.2 percent (Nikkei Asia, October... MORE
![](/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/OTS-2022-summit-640x377.jpg)
After Samarkand Summit, the OTS Charts a More Independent Course
On November 11, a summit of the leaders of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) convened in Samarkand, Uzbekistan (Report.az, November 5). This major gathering came amid the OTS’s re-emerging significance as a key regional organization and a critical platform for rapprochement between the Central... MORE
![](/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Xi-and-Tokayev.jpg)
As Russian Influence Plummets, China Capitalizes in Central Asia
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has finally initiated its highly anticipated railway project to Uzbekistan. On the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit held in September 2022, the official decision was made to begin actively working on the railway (The Diplomat, September... MORE