Executive Summary: As Russia’s invasion of Ukraine enters its third year, the Ukrainian government faces the challenge of boosting its troubled defense procurement and defense industry to lessen dependence on outside assistance and meet the country’s growing defense needs. Tensions reportedly rose between the director... MORE

Executive Summary: Control of access to rare earth minerals that are critical for the development of technologies is a driver in the strategic thinking of Western powers, as well as the People’s Republic of China and Russia.  Recent developments in Central Asia highlight the growing... MORE

Executive Summary: Russia is reviving the Cold War-era Balaklava submarine base in Crimea as it faces frequent and precise maritime strikes from Ukrainian forces. The base’s outdated dimensions, however, prevent it from housing modern submarines, limiting its strategic value and forcing Russia to reposition key... MORE

Executive Summary:  Afghanistan has completed over 80 percent of the second phase of the Qosh Tepa Canal—an irrigation project funded by the Taliban aimed at ensuring the country’s grain self-sufficiency by utilizing water from the Amu Darya River. The canal could divert up to 20... MORE

Executive Summary Sources close to the Kremlin have indicated that the full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the so-called “special military operation,” is nearing its inevitable end as resources for further offensive actions are running low. Part of the radical nationalist segment of the Russian population refuses... MORE

Executive summary: Russia’s strategic interest in the Republic of Georgia has been reenergized as Tbilisi drifts away from the European path and abstains from joining Western sanctions against Russia. A fundamental factor in Moscow’s current view of Georgia is the former’s lack of effective leverage... MORE

Executive Summary: Russia is strengthening its national cyber defense by requiring commercial organizations to connect to a unified cybersecurity system. This initiative builds on the “Sovereign Internet” law to centralize cybersecurity control and mitigate rising cyber threats. Russia’s cybersecurity sector is facing talent shortages due... MORE

Executive Summary:  Russian military losses typically have affected Russia and its neighbors at home even more than Russian victories. Moscow is now worried that the ouster of Bashar al-Assad will influence the post-Soviet space and Muslim regions in Russia. To reduce these dangers, the Kremlin... MORE

Executive Summary: The South Caucasus has grown increasingly close to the Middle East. One region that stands out is the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which looks at the Caucasus as a transit and a land for investments. Tbilisi’s closer ties with the GCC present a... MORE

Executive Summary: Facing a critical manpower shortage, Ukraine has adopted a decentralized recruitment model, empowering top-performing units to handle their own recruitment, training, and deployment. This approach, known as military entrepreneurism, contrasts with traditional centralized conscription. Units such as the 3rd Separate Assault Brigade and... MORE